Vue Formulate

# Error handling

Although Vue Formulate provides great validation, it's not wise to rely solely on front end validation. It can be tedious to get error messages from your backend into to the relevant inputs of a form. Vue formulate provides an easy way to place both form-level and input-level errors into your form.

# Manual error handling

We already know from the inputs documentation that there are error and errors props available on all input elements.

<FormulateInput
  type="text"
  label="What is your username"
  :error="isTaken ? 'That username is already taken' : null"
/>
  • That username is already taken

These error props override the error-behavior prop (which surfaces errors real-time via live or on blur) of the element and are displayed no matter what. You could certainly handle all your backend errors this way but it would still be overly verbose.

# Form input errors

FormulateForm has a mechanism for setting errors for every FormulateInput in a form.

<FormulateForm
  :errors="{
    username: 'That username is already taken',
    password: ['You can’t re-use an old password', 'That password was too weak']
  }"
>
  <FormulateInput
    name="username"
    label="Select a username"
    type="text"
  />
  <FormulateInput
    name="password"
    label="Choose your password"
    type="password"
  />
</FormulateForm>
  • That username is already taken
  • You can’t re-use an old password
  • That password was too weak

As you can see in the example, the FormulateForm takes an object passed via the errors prop and locates fields in the form that have a matching name. You can define a single error string, or an array of error strings to display.

If you set errors using FormulateForm and also directly on a FormulateInput the values will both be shown, and any duplicates removed.

<FormulateForm
  :errors="{
    username: ['Username is too short', 'Username is already taken' ]
  }"
>
  <FormulateInput
    name="username"
    label="Select a username"
    :errors="['Username is too short', 'Invalid username characters']"
  />
</FormulateForm>
  • Username is too short
  • Invalid username characters
  • Username is already taken

# Group input errors 2.5

Inputs of type group presents an interesting challenge because they are nested inside an array. To handle these nested and repeatable inputs Vue Formulate supports setting errors via "dot notation".

<FormulateForm
  :errors="{
    'stocks.0.price': 'You’re paying too much for this stock',
    'stocks.2.symbol': 'That stock symbol doesn’t exist.'
  }"
>
Full example code 
<FormulateForm
  :errors="{
    'stocks.0.price': 'You’re paying too much for this stock',
    'stocks.2.symbol': 'That stock symbol doesn’t exist.'
  }"
  :values="{
    payment_method: 'mastercard',
    stocks: [
      { symbol: 'AAPL', price: '122.00' },
      { symbol: 'MSFT', price: '13.00' },
      { symbol: 'FXSW', price: '3200.00' }
    ]
  }"
>
  <FormulateInput
    label="Payment method"
    type="select"
    name="payment_method"
    :options="{
      visa: 'Visa x-4452',
      mastercard: 'Mastercard x-9927'
    }"
  />
  <FormulateInput
    type="group"
    name="stocks"
    label="Enter the names of stocks you want to purchase"
    add-label="+ Add stock"
    :repeatable="true"
  >
    <FormulateInput
      name="symbol"
      label="Stock symbol"
    />
    <FormulateInput
      name="price"
      label="Limit price"
      help="How much are you willing to pay?"
    />
  </FormulateInput>
  <FormulateInput
    type="submit"
    label="Purchase stocks"
  />
</FormulateForm>
Remove
How much are you willing to pay?
  • You’re paying too much for this stock
Remove
How much are you willing to pay?
Remove
  • That stock symbol doesn’t exist.
How much are you willing to pay?

Note

You can also set group-errors directly on the group itself. For more details read the group type documentation.

# Form errors

Occasionally, form errors are not related directly to a FormulateInput. Perhaps the server is responding with a 500 status code. The form-errors prop is designed for just such an occasion.

<FormulateForm
  :form-errors="['Sorry, an unexpected error occurred. Please try again soon.']"
>
  <FormulateInput
    type="text"
    name="st_address"
    label="Street Address"
  />
  <FormulateInput
    type="text"
    name="city"
    label="City"
  />
  <FormulateForm
    type="submit"
    label="Submit Order"
  />
</FormulateForm>

By default these errors are shown at the top of the form, however often it makes more sense to move these errors somewhere closer to the submit action of your form. You can do this by adding a <FormulateErrors /> component anywhere inside the <FormulateForm> element.

<FormulateForm
  class="order-form"
  :form-errors="[
    'Sorry, an unexpected error occurred. Please try again soon.'
  ]"
>
  <FormulateInput
    type="text"
    name="st_address"
    label="Street Address"
  />
  <FormulateInput
    type="text"
    name="city"
    label="City"
  />
  <FormulateErrors />
  <FormulateInput
    type="submit"
    label="Submit Order"
  />
</FormulateForm>

This automatically removes the form errors from the top and locates them wherever that <FormulateErrors /> is placed. You can even have multiple <FormulateErrors /> if you'd like the form errors to appear in multiple locations.

# Form Error handling

Now that we've covered how we display errors on forms, lets talk about how we can actually handle those errors in a more graceful way. Lets work through a simple login form:

# A problematic example

<template>
  <FormulateForm
    :form-errors="formErrors"
    :errors="inputErrors"
    @submit="login"
  >
    <FormulateInput
      type="email"
      name="email"
      validation="required|email"
    />
    <FormulateInput
      type="password"
      name="password"
      validation="required"
    />
    <FormulateErrors />
    <FormulateInput
      type="submit"
      label="Login"
    />
  </FormulateForm>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data () {
    formErrors: [],
    inputErrors: {}
  },
  methods: {
    async login () {
      try {
        const res = await this.$axios.post('/login')
        this.$cookie.setToken(res.data.token) // do some auth
      } catch (err) {
        // here's where things get nasty
        if (err.response && err.response.status) {
          switch (err.response.status) {
            case 422:
              this.inputErrors = err.response.data.errors // assign field errors
              this.formErrors = err.response.data.message
              return
            case 401:
              this.$cookie.removeToken()
              return
            // ... add lots more cases of bad things that can happen here
          }
        }
        this.formErrors = ['Sorry, an unexpected error occurred. Please try again soon..']
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>

Woof, that catch statement — what a mess, and we only handled a few of the possible scenarios. This type of code is often abstracted away to a helper function in a libs directory somewhere, but it still needs to set some local component variables (in our case formErrors and inputErrors) in order to give proper feedback to the user — enter named forms.

# Named forms

Vue Formulate simplifies the error handling by leveraging named forms in conjunction with an error handler function.

<template>
  <FormulateForm
    name="login"
    @submit="login"
  >
    // ...login form inputs
  </FormulateForm>
</template>

<script>
<script>
export default {
  methods: {
    async login () {
      try {
        const res = await this.$axios.post('/login')
        this.$cookie.setToken(res.data.token) // do some auth
      } catch (err) {
        this.$formulate.handle(err, 'login')
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>

Cleaner, but lets go through it. There are a few important things to notice:

  • The form no longer has :form-errors and :errors props.
  • The form now has a name prop.
  • The script no longer needs formErrors and inputErrors data properties.
  • All our error handling logic is replaced with this.$formulate.handle(err, 'login')

# The errorHandler function

So where did all that handler code go? Probably extracted to a helper file like libs/utils — thats up to you, but Formulate wants to know how to access it. When registering Vue Formulate, let it know where your error handler is.

import yourErrorHandler from './libs/error-handler'

Vue.use(VueFormulate, {
  errorHandler: yourErrorHandler
})

So how does it work? In our component, we pass our err to the handle method of $formulate along with the string name of the form. This handle method then calls the yourErrorHandler and expects an object response with two properties:

{
  inputErrors: { fieldName: ['Unknown email'] },
  formErrors: ['Unknown error occurred']
}

The handle method then sets those values on your form and form inputs. This means we can have a single function for handling all our form errors, and a one liner to set the errors. We don't even need local data properties.

Out of the box the errorHandler function does nothing at all, so if we call handle with the { inputErrors: {}, formErrors: [] } notation we can test the functionality. Here's an example:

<template>
  <FormulateForm
    class="order-form"
    name="order"
    @submit="order"
  >
    <FormulateInput
      type="text"
      name="st_address"
      label="Street Address"
    />
    <FormulateInput
      type="text"
      name="city"
      label="City"
    />
    <FormulateErrors />
    <FormulateInput
      type="submit"
      label="Submit Order"
    />
  </FormulateForm>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  methods: {
    order () {
      this.$formulate.handle({
        inputErrors: { st_address: 'This address doesn’t appear valid' },
        formErrors: ['Also, this form isn’t hooked up yet']
      }, 'order')
    }
  }
}
</script>

errorHandler plugins

Once you write your error handler function, you can easily encapsulate it in a plugin for easy re-use in the future. If you do that, consider sharing it and we’ll post it on the plugins page.

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